ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF NISIN AS AN IRRIGANT AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.161Keywords:
Antibacterial efficacy, Biofilm, Chlorhexidine, Enterococcus faecalis, Nisin, Sodium hypochloriteAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of 10% nisin, 2% chlorhexidine (ChX), and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in vitro.
Methods: Petri dishes containing brain heart infusion agar were seeded with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and were incubated overnight at 37°C. The
cellulose nitrate filter membrane was inoculated with E. faecalis for 72 h to grow a biofilm, and we performed the direct contact test between the test
solutions and the biofilm for 10 min. The DNA was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction with propidium monoazide additive to count
the living cells.
Results: The number of E. faecalis bacteria in the 2% ChX group was the lowest (8.36×103 CFU/mL) while the highest number of bacteria - among the
antibacterial substances tested - in the nisin 10% group (5.55×106 CFU/mL).
Conclusion: The antibacterial effects against E. faecalis biofilm of 10% nisin were not comparable with those of 2% ChX and 2.5% NaOCl.
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References
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J Pharm 2012;3:13-9.
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Bioruptor_protocol.pdf.
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24. Laukova A, Styriak I, Marekova M. In vitro antagonistic effect of
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25. Vaziri S, Kangarlou A, Shahbazi R, Nazari Nasab A, Naseri M.
Comparison of the bactericidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy, 2.5%
sodium hypochlorite, and 2% chlorhexidine against Enterococcous
faecalis in root canals; an in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012;
9:613-8.
26. Spratt DA, Pratten J, Wilson M, Gulabivala K. An in vitro evaluation of
the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates.
Int Endod J 2001;34:300-7.
27. Mehrvarzfar P, Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Fekrazad R, Karamifar K,
Eslami G, et al. Additive effect of a diode laser on the antibacterial activity
of 2.5% naOCl, 2% CHX and MTAD against Enterococcus faecalis
contaminating root canals: An in vitro study. J Oral Sci 2011;53:355-60.
28. Estrela C, Ribeiro RG, Estrela CR, Pécora JD, Sousa-Neto MD.
Antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine
tested by different methods. Braz Dent J 2003;14:58-62.
29. Camps J, Pommel L, Aubut V, et al. Shelf live, dissolving action, and
antibacterial activity of a neutralized 2,5% sodium hypochlorite solution.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;106:e66-73.
Follo M, et al. Endodontic and salivary isolates of Enterococcus faecalis
integrate into biofilm from human salivary bacteria cultivated in vitro.
J Endod 2009;35:986-91.
2. Zogheib C. Enterococcus faecalis: A common cause of root canal
failure. World J Dent 2012;2:6-7.
3. Stuart CH, Schwartz SA, Beeson TJ, Owatz CB. Enterococcus
faecalis: Its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in
retreatment. J Endod 2006;32:93-8.
4. Sedgley CM, Lennan SL, Appelbe OK. Survival of Enterococcus
faecalis in root canals ex vivo. Int Endod J 2005;38:735-42.
5. Hegde V. Enterococcus faecalis; clinical significance and treatment
considerations. Endodontology 2009;21:48-52.
6. Gajan EB, Aghazadeh M, Abashov R, Salem Milani A, Moosavi Z.
Microbial flora of root canals of pulpally-infected teeth: Enterococcus
faecalis a prevalent species. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects
2009;3:24-7.
7. Dietrich MA, Kirkpatrick TC, Yaccino JM. In vitro canal and isthmus
debris removal of the self-adjusting file, K3, and waveOne files in the
mesial root of human mandibular molars. J Endod 2012;38:1140-4.
8. Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root
canal systems: A review. J Endod 2004;30:559-67.
9. Murray PE, Garcia-Godoy F, Hargreaves KM. Regenerative endodontics:
A review of current status and a call for action. J Endod 2007;
33:377-90.
10. Gomes-Filho JE, Aurélio KG, Costa MM, Bernabé PF. Comparison of the
biocompatibility of different root canal irrigants. J Appl Oral Sci 2008;
16:137-44.
11. Hemadri M, Thakur S, Sajjan G. Nisin vs calcium hydroxide
antimicrobial efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis an in vitro study. Int J
Community Dent 2011;2:55-61.
12. Suganthi V, Selvarajan E, Subathradevi C, Mohanasrinivasan V.
Lantibiotic nisin: Natural preservative from Lactococcus lactis. Int Res
J Pharm 2012;3:13-9.
13. Tong Z, Zhang Y, Ling J, Ma J, Huang L, Zhang L, et al. An in vitro study
on the effects of nisin on the antibacterial activities of 18 antibiotics
against Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS One 2014;9:e89209.
14. Chai WL, Hamimah H, Cheng SC, Sallam AA, Abdullah M.
Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm to antibiotics and
calcium hydroxide. J Oral Sci 2007;49:161-6.
15. Stojicic S, Shen Y, Qian W, Johnson B, Haapasalo M. Antibacterial and
smear layer removal ability of a novel irrigant, QMiX. Int Endod J 2012;
45:363-71.
16. Santos RP, Arruda TT, Carvalho CB, Carneiro VA, Braga LQ,
Teixeira EH, et al. Correlation between Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
development stage and quantitative surface roughness using atomic
force microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2008;14:150-8.
17. Sena NT, Gomes BP, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Zaia AA, Ferraz CC, et al.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine
against selected single-species biofilms. Int Endod J 2006;39:878-85.
18. Gomes BP, Ferraz CC, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Teixeira FB, Souza-
Filho FJ, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations
of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination
of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2001;34:424-8.
19. Siqueira JF Jr., Rôças IN, Favieri A, Lima KC. Chemomechanical
reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after
instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium
hypochlorite. J Endod 2000;26:331-4.
20. Nageshwar RR, Kidiyoor HK, Hegde C. Efficacy of calcium hydroxidechlorhexidine
paste againsty Enterococcus faecalis an in vitro study.
Endodontology 2004;16:61-4.
21. Du T, Wang Z, Shen Y, Ma J, Cao Y, Haapasalo M, et al. Effect of
long-term exposure to endodontic disinfecting solutions on young and
old Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals. J Endod 2014;
40:509?14.
22. Diagenode Bacterial Cell Disruption using Bioruptor® Standard,
Bioruptor® Plus or Bioruptor® XL. Available from: http://www.
diagenode.com/media/catalog/file/Bacterial_Cell_Disruption_with_
Bioruptor_protocol.pdf.
23. Alvarez G, Gonzalez M, Isabal S, Blanc V, Leon R. Method to quantify
live and dead cells in multi-species oral biofilm by real-time PCR with
propidium monoazide. AMB Express 2013;3:1-8.
24. Laukova A, Styriak I, Marekova M. In vitro antagonistic effect of
nisin on faecal enterococci and staphylococci. Vet Med Czech 2001;
46:237?40.
25. Vaziri S, Kangarlou A, Shahbazi R, Nazari Nasab A, Naseri M.
Comparison of the bactericidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy, 2.5%
sodium hypochlorite, and 2% chlorhexidine against Enterococcous
faecalis in root canals; an in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012;
9:613-8.
26. Spratt DA, Pratten J, Wilson M, Gulabivala K. An in vitro evaluation of
the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants on biofilms of root canal isolates.
Int Endod J 2001;34:300-7.
27. Mehrvarzfar P, Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Fekrazad R, Karamifar K,
Eslami G, et al. Additive effect of a diode laser on the antibacterial activity
of 2.5% naOCl, 2% CHX and MTAD against Enterococcus faecalis
contaminating root canals: An in vitro study. J Oral Sci 2011;53:355-60.
28. Estrela C, Ribeiro RG, Estrela CR, Pécora JD, Sousa-Neto MD.
Antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine
tested by different methods. Braz Dent J 2003;14:58-62.
29. Camps J, Pommel L, Aubut V, et al. Shelf live, dissolving action, and
antibacterial activity of a neutralized 2,5% sodium hypochlorite solution.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;106:e66-73.
Published
05-04-2019
How to Cite
HARYANTI, T. P., NAZAR, K., & MARGONO, A. (2019). ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF NISIN AS AN IRRIGANT AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 11(1), 35–38. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.161
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