FORMULATION AND STABILITY EVALUATION OF GELS CONTAINING CHITOSAN MICROPARTICLE LOADED BEETROOT (BETA VULGARIS, LINN) FOR TOPICAL SKIN BRIGHTENING

ANITA SUKMAWATI; SHINTA JANNATI WAHYUNINGRUM; MAGHFIRATUL LAILIYAH UTAMI

doi:10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s6.52780

Authors

ANITA SUKMAWATI Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-955X
SHINTA JANNATI WAHYUNINGRUM Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
MAGHFIRATUL LAILIYAH UTAMI Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6440-7949

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024.v16s6.52780

Keywords:

Beta vulgaris, Betanin, Chitosan, Microparticle, Skin brightening, Stability

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) concentration as a gel base for chitosan microparticle containing beetroot (Beta vulgaris, Linn) toward gels stability and skin brightening effect.

Methods: Ionic gelation was used to make microparticle using chitosan 1% solution and beetroot dry extract as active component. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and active substance loading were used for physical characterisation. The MP then was added to HPMC-based gels at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/w. Gels were tested for viscosity, pH, and active component stability. Gels were tested for skin lightening on humans.

Results: Results reveal beetroot extract may be loaded into chitosan microparticle with a Drug Loading (DL) of 23.27 ± 0.057% w/w. HPMC gels had a pH of 5-5.4 and increased viscosity related with HPMC content. Gels showed colour instability after 6 cooling-heating cycles and decreased betanin levels on day 7 at 40 ± 2 °C and RH 75 ± 5%. HPMC 0.5% gel brightened human skin more than other HPMC gels.

Conclusion: The 0.5% HPMC gel base had the smallest betanin reduction during the accelerated stability test, compared to the 1.0 and 1.5% HPMC gels. The formulation of chitosan microparticle gel loading beetroot extract with 0.5% HPMC gel base had brightened skin better than the other two formulae

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

de Jager TL, Cockrell AE, Du Plessis SS. Ultraviolet Light Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. In: Ahmad SI, editor. Ultraviolet Light in Human Health, Diseases and Environment [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 15–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_2

Vijayakumar R, Gani SSA, Zaidan UH, Halmi MIE. Optimization of the antioxidant potentials of red pitaya peels and its in vitro skin whitening properties. Appl Sci. 2018;8(9).

Sofyan A, Kusumawardani TP. Karakteristik fisikokimia selai umbi bit (Beta vulgaris) dengan penambahan variasi konsentrasi pure labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata). Ilmu Gizi Indones. 2022;6(1):69.

Carrillo C, Rey R, Hendrickx M, del Mar Cavia M, Alonso-Torre S. Antioxidant Capacity of Beetroot: Traditional vs Novel Approaches. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2017;72(3):266–73.

Antigo JLD, Bergamasco R de C, Madrona GS. Effect of pH on the stability of red beet extract (Beta vulgaris l.) microcapsules produced by spray drying or freeze drying. Food Sci Technol. 2018;38(1):72–7.

Al-ismail KM. Effect of Microencapsulation of Vitamin C with Gum Arabic , Whey protein Effect of Microencapsulation of Vitamin C with Gum Arabic , Whey Protein Isolate and some Blends on its Stability. 2016;(March).

Nakorn PN a. Chitin Nanowhisker and Chitosan Nanoparticles in Protein Immobilization for Biosensor Applications. J Met Mater Miner. 2008;18(2):73–7.

Amin MK, Boateng JS. Enhancing Stability and Mucoadhesive Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles by Surface Modification with Sodium Alginate and Polyethylene Glycol for Potential Oral Mucosa Vaccine Delivery. Mar Drugs. 2022;20(3):1–22.

Metheeparakornchai C, Kreua-ongarjnukool N, Niyomthai ST, Pavasant P, Limjeerajarus CN. Development of Amoxicillin-Loaded Modified Polycaprolactone Microparticles in Medical Application. Int J Pharma Med Biol Sci. 2021;10(2):88–93.

Asngad A, Marudin EJ, Cahyo DS. Kualitas Bioplastik dari Umbi Singkong Karet dengan Penambahan Kombinasi Plasticizer Gliserol dengan Sorbitol dan Kitosan. Bioeksperimen J Penelit Biol. 2020;6(1):36–44.

Hidayati N, Mujiburohman M, Abdillah H, Purnama H, Dwilaksita A, Zubaida FR, Kahfi A. Chitosan-ABS membrane for DMFC: Effect of sulfonation time and mass ratio of chitosan and ABS. AIP Conf Proc. 2018;1977.

Sukmawati A, Risdiyanti I V, Marthadilla CC. Release Profile of Betanin from Chitosan Microparticle Containing Beetroot (Beta vulgaris Linn) Extract BT - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Current Breakthrough in Pharmacy (ICB-Pharma 2022). In Atlantis Press; 2022. p. 5–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-050-3_2

Duarah S, Durai RD, Narayanan VHB. Nanoparticle-in-gel system for delivery of vitamin C for topical application. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2017;7(5):750–60.

Vanti G, Wang M, Bergonzi MC, Zhidong L, Bilia AR. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel of berberine chloride-loaded escinosomes: Dermal absorption and biocompatibility. Int J Biol Macromol [Internet]. 2020;164:232–41. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813020338848

Binder L, Mazál J, Petz R, Klang V, Valenta C. The role of viscosity on skin penetration from cellulose ether-based hydrogels. Ski Res Technol [Internet]. 2019 Sep 1;25(5):725–34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12709

Putri AI, Sundaryono A, Chandra IN. Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Kitosan Ekstrak Daun Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) Menggunakan Metode Gelasi Ionik. Alotrop. 2018;2(2):203–7.

Arianto A, Bangun H, Harahap U, Ilyas S. Effect of alginate chitosan ratio on the swelling, mucoadhesive, and release of ranitidine from spherical matrices of alginate-chitosan. Int J PharmTech Res. 2015;8(4):653–65.

Sari R, R.a DP, Rijal MAS. Pengaruh Perbandingan Obat-Polimer Terhadap Ketoprofen-Kitosan. PharmaScientia. 2012;1(2):10–6.

Asra R, Yetti RD, Ratnasari D, Nessa N. Studi Fisikokimia Betasianin dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Umbi Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.). J Pharm Sci. 2020;3(1):14–21.

Pan P, Svirskis D, Waterhouse GIN, Wu Z. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Bioadhesive Hydrogels for Topical Application and Sustained Drug Release: The Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Physicomechanical Properties of Hydrogel. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(9):1–20.

Chaerunisaa AY, Mita SR, Rahmat DD. Formulation and Stability Evaluation of Atenolol Gel in Two Different Bases. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2019;12(3):383–6.

Castro-Enríquez DD, Montaño-Leyva B, Del Toro-Sánchez CL, Juaréz-Onofre JE, Carvajal-Millan E, Burruel-Ibarra SE, Tapia-Hernández JA, Barreras-Urbina CG, Rodríguez-Félix F. Stabilization of betalains by encapsulation—a review. J Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2020;57(5):1587–600. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04120-x

Mardikasari SA. Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroenkapsulasi Asam Mefenamat Menggunakan Polimer Kitosan dan Natrium Alginat dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik. J Farm Galen (Galenika J Pharmacy). 2020;18(2):192–7.

Qian W, Liu W, Zhu D, Cao Y, Tang A, Gong G, Su H. Natural skin‑whitening compounds for the treatment of melanogenesis (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(1):173–85.