COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY BETWEEN XANTHORRHIZOL (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) AND CHLORHEXIDINE 2% AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CLINICAL ISOLATE BIOFILM

RIZA PERMITASARI; KAMIZAR NAZAR; RATNA MEIDYAWATI; RIZKA EKA PRASETYANTI

doi:10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.PP-05

Authors

RIZA PERMITASARI Conservative Dentistry Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
KAMIZAR NAZAR Department Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Indonesia.
RATNA MEIDYAWATI Department Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Indonesia.
RIZKA EKA PRASETYANTI Conservative Dentistry Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.PP-05

Keywords:

Xanthorrhizol, Enterococcus faecalis, Chlorhexidine, Antibacterial

Abstract

Objective: In root canal treatments, chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used for irrigation and is effective in killing Enterococcus faecalis. CHX is a synthetic
chemical and is toxic to host cells; therefore, natural or herbal irrigation solutions, which are safer but still effective, are necessary. The aim of this
study is to analyze the effect of xanthorrhizol (XNT) derived from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. on E. faecalis clinical isolate biofilm formation (0.5%,
0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%).
Methods: The MTT assay and total plate count were performed for assessing the effectiveness of herbal ingredients, while CHX (2%) was used as a
positive control. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests for analyzing differences between groups.
Results: Xanthorrhizol concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5% reduced the amount of bacteria that grew as biofilms in vitro. We found
that the ability of xanthorrhizol 1% to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation was not significantly different compared with that of CHX 2% (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Xanthorrhizol 1% can inhibit biofilm formation by E. faecalis. Further studies are required to confirm this preliminary result.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Siqueira F Jr., Rocas I. Causes of endodontic treatment failure. In:
Treatment of Endodontic Infections. Berlin: Quintessence Publishing;
2011. p. 139-57.
2. Siqueira FS Jr., Rôças IN. Polymerase chain reaction based analysis of
microorganisms associated with failed endodontic treatment. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol 2004;97:85-94.
3. Arias-moliz T, Mar? C, Espigares-garc? M. Enterococcus faecalis
biofilms eradication by root canal irrigants. J Endod 2009;35:711-14.
4. Fisher K, Phillips C. The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of
Enterococcus. Microbiology 2018;155:1749-57.
5. Gomes BP, Zaia AA, Souza-filho FJ. Comparative study of the
antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine solution and
sodium hypochlorite as endodontic irrigants. Braz Dent J 2007;18:294-98.
6. Faria G, Cardoso CR, Larson RE, Silva JS, Rossi MA. Chlorhexidineinduced
apoptosis or necrosis in L929 fi broblasts: A role for endoplasmic
reticulum stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;234:256-65.
7. Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N. Root canal irrigants. J Conserv
Dent 2010;13:256-64.
8. Penelitian A, Wahyuni WT, Rafi M. Metode ekstraksi dan pemisahan
optimum untuk isolasi xantorizol dari temulawak (Curcuma
xanthorrhiza). J Jamu Indones 2017;2:43-50.
9. Yue W. The antibacterial effect of xanthorrhizol as an endodontic
irrigant on Enterococcus faecalis. Yonsei Univ 2016;1:206-16.
10. Prod JN, Resour P. In vivo toxicological investigations of standardized
ethanolic extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizome. J Nat Prod
Plant Resour 2013;3:67-73.
11. Sandini A. Daya Anti Bakteri Laser Dioda Terhadap Biofilm
Enterococcus faecalis Dari Isolat Klinis [Thesis]. Jakarta: Faculty of
Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. 2016.
12. Bukhary S. Antibacterial efficacy of octenisept, alexidine, chlorhexidine
and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. J
Endod 2017;43:643-7.
13. Irianti T. Uji aktivitas penangkapan radikal dan deteksi senyawa
ekstrak etanolik terpurifikasi batang brotowali. J Bahan Alam Indones
2012;8:172-80.
14. Yasui S. Tekonologi Pengolahan Dan Pemanfaatan Produk Ekstraktif
Rempah. Indonesia: IPB Press; 2013.
15. Kim H, Chang SW, Baek S, Han SH, Lee Y, Zhu Q. Antimicrobial effect
of alexidine and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis infection.
Int J Oral Sci 2013;5:26-31.
16. Sena NT, Gomes BP, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Zaia AA, Ferraz CC.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine
against selected single-species biofilms. Int Endod J 2006;39:878-85.
17. Van M, Kaspers G. Cell sensitivity assays: The MTT assay. Methods
Mol Biol 2011;731:237-45.
18. Maira U. Efek in vitro Ekstrak Etanol Temulawak (Curcuma
xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Dalam Menghambat Biofilm Candida Albicans
Fase Maturasi [Thesis]. Jakarta: Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas
Indonesia; 2017.
19. Lestari A. Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza
Roxb.) Dalam Mengeradikasi Biofilm Candida albicans Isolat Klinis
[Thesis]. Jakarta: Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia; 2016.
20. Rukayadi Y, Hwang J. In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from
the rhizome of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)
against Candida albicans Bio films. Phyther Res 2012;27:1061-6.