COMPARISON OF ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF XANTHORRHIZOL (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS AMERICAN TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION 10231 BIOFILM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.PP-04Keywords:
Candida albicans, Antifungal, Biofilm, Chlorhexidine, XanthorrhizolAbstract
Objective: Several studies suggest that 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), an effective irrigation solution against Candida albicans biofilm, is toxic to host cells,
thus an effective and safe alternative irrigation solution is needed. Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) containing xanthorrhizol (XNT) has
been reported to have an antifungal effect, yet no studies to date have reported the optimum dose of XNT in inhibiting C. albicans biofilm, so the aim
of this study was to determine the optimum dose of XNT against C. albicans biofilm.
Methods: C. albicans American Type and Culture Collection (ATCC) 10231 biofilm was exposed to XNT for 15 min. Then, the antifungal effect was
tested using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide reduction assay and total plate count (TPC).
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the percentage of biofilm eradication and TPC results following exposure of
C. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm to 1% XNT, 1.25% XNT, and 2% CHX.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that 1% XNT and 1.25% XNT have an antifungal effect against C. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm equivalent to that of
2% CHX.
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identification of active compound Curcuma xanthorrhiza Robx. Int J
Basic Appl Sci 2012;12:68-78.
25. Yaya R, Hwang JK. The effect of xanthorrhizol on the morphology on
Candida cells examined by scanning electron microscopy. Microbiol
Indones 2007;1:98-100.
26. Rukayadi Y, Hwang JK. In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol against
Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006;42:400-4.
27. Henriques M, Azerado J, Oliveira R. Candida albicans and Candida
dubliniensis: Comparison of biofilm formation in term of biomass and
activity. Br J Biomed Sci 2006;63:5-11.
Infection. In: Pathway of the Pulp. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Inc.; 2011. p.
559-600.
2. Shah N, Madhu KS, Murthy BS, Hemanth B, Mathew S, Nagaraj S.
Identification of presence of Candida albicans in primary root canal
infections: An in vitro study. Endodontology 2016;28:109-13.
3. Jose F, Siquerra J, Rocas IN. Persistent and Secondary Endodontic
Infection. In: Treatment of Endodontic Infection. London: Quintessence
Publishing; 2011. p. 122-36.
4. Ghorgre P. Endodontic mycology: A new perspective of root canal
infection. Res Rev J Dent Sci 2014;2:43-50.
5. Siqueira JF Jr., Sen BH. Fungi in endodontic infections. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;97:632-41.
6. Yaya R, Han S, Yong D, Hwang J. In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol
against Candida glabrata, C. guilliermondii, and C. parapsilosis
biofilms. Med Mycol 2011;49:1-9.
7. Perumal P, Mekala S, Chaffin WL. Role for cell density in antifungal
drug resistance in Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents
Chemother 2007;51:1454-63.
8. Taff HT, Mitchell KF, Andes DR. Mechanisms of Candida biofilm drug
resistance. Future Microbiol 2013;8:1-17.
9. Kalyoncuoglu E, Tunc ES, Ozer S, Keskin C, Bilgin K, Birinci A.
Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1 as a final irrigant: An
in vitro study. Niger J Clin Pract 2016;19:807-10.
10. Mohammadi Z, Asgary S. A comparative study of antifungal activity of
endodontic irrigants. Iran Endod J 2015;10:144-7.
11. Chang YC, Huang FM, Tai KW, Chou MY. The effect of sodium
hypochlorite and chlorhexidine on cultured human periodontal
ligament cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
2001;92:446-50.
12. Liu JX, Werner J, Kirsch T, Zuckerman JD, Virk MS. Cytotoxicity
evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate on human fibroblasts, myoblasts,
and osteoblasts. J Bone Jt Infect 2018;3:165-72.
13. Mary HP, Susheela GK, Jayasree S, Nizzy AM, Rajagopal B, Jeeva.
Phytochemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of Curcuma
xanthorrhiza Roxb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2:637-40.
14. Oon SF, Nallappan M, Tee TT, Shohaimi S, Kassim NK, Saariwijaya MS,
et al. Xanthorrhizol: A review of its pharmacological activities and
anticancer properties. Cancer Cell Int 2015;15:1-15.
15. Lee LY, Shim JS, Rukayadi Y, Hwang JK. Antibacterial activity of
xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. against
foodborne pathogens. J Food Prot 2008;71:1926-30.
16. Rukayadi Y, Hwang JK. In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol isolated
from the rhizome of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)
against Candida albicans biofilms. Phytother Res 2013;27:1061-6.
17. Quave CL, Plano LR, Pantuso T, Bennett BC. Effects of extracts
from Italian medicinal plants on planktonic growth, biofilm formation
and adherence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J
Ethnopharmacol 2008;118:418-28.
18. Costa GA, Rossatto FCP, Medeiros AW, Correa AP, Brandelli A,
Frazzon AP, et al. Evaluation antibacterial and antibiofilm activity
of the antimicrobial peptide P34 against Staphylococcus aureus and
Enterococcus faecalis. Ann Braz Acad Sci 2018;90:73-84.
19. Nobile CJ, Jhonson AD. Candida albicans biofilms and human disease.
Annu Rev Microbiol 2015;69:71-92.
20. Ramage G, VandeWalle K, Wickes BL, López-Ribot LJ. Characteristics
of biofilm formation by Candida albicans. Rev Iberoam Micol
2001;18:163-70.
21. Sena NT, Gomes BP, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Zaia AA, Ferraz CC, et al.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine
against selected single-species biofilms. Int Endod J 2006;39:878-85.
22. Shubham S, Samant PS, Khanal R, Gautam V, Birring OJ, Arora C,
et al. Papaya extract as new endodontic irrigant. IOSR J Dent Med Sci
2018;17:23-8.
23. Puspitawati R, Maira U, Suniarti DF, Salma A. Inhibition and
eradication effect of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)
extract against mature phase biofilm of Candida albicans. Assoc
Support to Oral Heal Res 2019;19:886.
24. Mangunwardoyo W, Deasywaty, Usia T. Antimicrobial and
identification of active compound Curcuma xanthorrhiza Robx. Int J
Basic Appl Sci 2012;12:68-78.
25. Yaya R, Hwang JK. The effect of xanthorrhizol on the morphology on
Candida cells examined by scanning electron microscopy. Microbiol
Indones 2007;1:98-100.
26. Rukayadi Y, Hwang JK. In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol against
Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006;42:400-4.
27. Henriques M, Azerado J, Oliveira R. Candida albicans and Candida
dubliniensis: Comparison of biofilm formation in term of biomass and
activity. Br J Biomed Sci 2006;63:5-11.
Published
24-07-2020
How to Cite
TULIM, S., NAZAR, K., MARGONO, A., MEIDYAWATI, R., & YANTI, E. (2020). COMPARISON OF ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF XANTHORRHIZOL (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS AMERICAN TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION 10231 BIOFILM. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 12(2), 80–84. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.PP-04
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