INHIBITION OF 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE ACTIVITY BY EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA XANTHOCHYMUS MESOCARP AND TOTAL FLAVONOID ASSAY QUANTIFICATION OF THE MOST ACTIVE EXTRACT

Authors

  • Megawati Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.
  • Berna Elya Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.
  • Nuraini Puspitasari Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.59

Keywords:

Garcinia xanthochymus mesocarp, Total flavonoid, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, Sequential maceration, Phytochemical screening

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Garcinia xanthochymus mesocarp extracts against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.
Methods: G. xanthochymus mesocarp was macerated sequentially using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Phytochemical screening and
quantification of total flavonoids were performed on the most active extract.
Results: Based on the tests, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts had inhibitory activities of 12.30±1.098%, 55.63±10.584%, and
44.01±1.053%, respectively. The results showed that the ethyl acetate is the most active extract, containing flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside, and
anthraquinone compounds. The amount of total flavonoid contained in ethyl acetate extract was 1.61% or 16.114 mg QE/g toward quercetin.
Conclusion: The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of G. xanthochymus have inhibitory actions against HMG-CoA reductase activity
in vitro. Further research is still needed to strengthen this finding.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Murray RK, Granner DK, dan Rodwell VW. In: Pendit BU,

editor. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 27th ed. New York:

McGraw-Hill; 2009.

Goodman LS, Gilman A. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.

th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006.

Health Ministry’s Health Research and Development Agency. Basic

Health Research 2013. Jakarta: Ministry of Health, Republic of

Indoensia; 2013.

Wells BG, Dipiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, Dipiro CV. Pharmacotherapy

Handbook. 9th ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.

Lim TK. Fruits. In: Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2.

New York: Springer; 2012.

P.T. Eisai Indonesia. Index of Medicinal Herbs in Indonesia. Jakarta: PT

Eisai Indonesia; 1986.

Jena BS, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP, Sakariah KK. Chemistry and

biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia. J Agric Food

Chem 2002;50:10-22.

Darwati, Supriyatna GP. Test Activity Decrease Cholesterol from

Ethanol Extract of Garcinia xanthochymus on Mus musculus. National

Chemistry Proceeding III PMIPA FKIP UNS; 2011. p. 628-33.

Feng J, Zhan-lin L, Sheng-Li N, Hui-Ming H. Studies on the chemical

constituents of the barks of Garcinia xanthochymus. Chin J Med Chem

;2012:6.

Zhu QY, Huang Y, Chen ZY. Interaction between flavonoids and

alpha-tocopherol in human low density lipoprotein. J Nutr Biochem

;11:14-21.

Baggett S, Protiva P, Mazzola EP, Yang H, Ressler ET, Basile MJ, et al.

Bioactive benzophenones from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits. J Nat

Prod 2005;68:354-60.

Tuansulong KA, Hutadilok-Towatana N, Mahabusarakam W, Pinkaew D,

Fujise K. Morelloflavone from Garcinia dulcis as a novel biflavonoid

inhibitor of HMG-coA reductase. Phytother Res 2011;25:424-8.

Hasanah Q, Faridah DN, Andrianto D. Inhibition activity of HMG-CoA

reductase by rice brain extract and its fractions as anticholesterolemia

in vitro study. Pharm Chem 2016;8:1-5.

Hafidz KA. Inhibitory Activity Test on HMG CoA Reduktase and

Determination of Resveratrol Levels from Melinjo Seed Extracts

(Gnetum gnemon L.). Thesis. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; 2016.

Winata HS, Rosidah R, Sitorus P. Assessment of anti-inflammatory

activity of ethanolic extract of asam kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus

hook. F.EX T. Anderson) fruit. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:81-3.

Gogoi N, Gogoi A, Neog B. Free radical scavenging activities of Garcina

xanthochymus hook. F. and Garcinia Lanceaefolia Roxb. Using various

in vitro assay models. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2015;8:138-41.

Aldrich S. HMG-CoA Reductase Assay Kit Technical Bulletin. USA:

Sigma Aldrich; 2012.

Department of Health Republic of Indonesia. Supplement II Farmacope

Herbal Indonesia. 1st ed. Jakarta: Department of Health Republic of

Indonesia; 2011a.

World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural

and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants. Genewa: World

Health Organization; 2003.

Andersen ØM, dan Markham KR. Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry,

and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006.

Perdana F. Isolation of phenolic compounds from methanol extract of

tamarind leaves (Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.). J Farmako Bahari

;6:17-27.

Harborne JB. Phytochemical Method. Kosasih Padmawinata and Iwang

Soediro. Bandung: Institute Technology Bandung; 1987.

Perchellet JP, Perchellet EM, Crow KR, Buszek KR, Brown N,

Ellappan S, et al. Novel synthetic inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-

methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-coA) reductase activity that inhibit

tumor cell proliferation and are structurally unrelated to existing statins.

Int J Mol Med 2009;24:633-43.

Iqbal D, Khan MS, Khan A, Khan MS, Ahmad S, Srivastava AK, et al.

In vitro screening for β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase

inhibitory and antioxidant activity of sequentially extracted fractions of

Ficus palmata forsk. BioMed Res Int 2014;2014:1-10.

Kwon EK, Lee DY, Lee H, Kim DO, Baek NI, Kim YE, et al. Flavonoids

from the buds of Rosa damascena inhibit the activity of 3-hydroxy-

-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase and angiotensin I-converting

enzyme. J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:882-6.

Sashidhara KV, Singh SP, Srivastava A, Puri A, Chhonker YS,

Bhatta RS, et al. Discovery of a new class of HMG-coA reductase

inhibitor from Polyalthia longifolia as potential lipid lowering agent.

Eur J Med Chem 2011;46:5206-11.

Mustapa MA. Analysis of the Levels of Flavonoid Compounds of

Methanol Extract of Lamtoro Leaves (Leucaena leucocephala) with

Spectrophotometry Method UV-Vis. Thesis. Gorontalo: Universitas

Negeri Gorontalo; 2014.

Anwar K, Triyasmono L. Total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and

antioxidant activity of noni fruit ethanol extract (Morinda citrifolia L.).

J Pharm Sci 2016;3:83-92.

Department of Health Republic of Indonesia. Farmacope Herbal

Indonesia. 1th ed. Jakarta: Department of Health Republic of Indonesia;

Setyowati WA, Ariani SR, Ashadi, Mulyani B, Rahmawati CP.

Phytochemical screening and identification of major components of

skin durian methanol extract (Durio zibethinus Murr.) varieties petruk.

Natl chem Educ chem 2014;6:271-80.

Marliana SD, Suryanti V, Suyono. Phytochemical screening and

chromatographic analysis of thin layer chemical components of squash

gourd (sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) in etanol extract. Biofarmasi

;3:26-31.

Department of Health Republic of Indonesia. Medics Material. 6th ed.

Jakarta: Department of Health Republic of Indonesia; 1995.

Bhaigyabati TH, Devi PG, Bag GC. Total flavonoid content and

antioxidant activity of aqueous rhizome extract of three Hedychium

species of Manipur valley. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2014;5:970-6.

Desmiaty Y, Ratnawati J, Andini P. Determination of Total Flavonoid

amount of Ethanol Extract of Red Fruit Leaves (Pandanus conoideus

Lamk.) with Complementary Colorimetry, 1-8. National Seminar

Proceedings POKJANAS TOI XXXVI; 2009.

Rohini RM, Amit KD. Determination of lupeol., B-sitosterol and

quercetin from ethyl acetate extract of Rhizophora mucronata bark by

HPTLC technique. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2011;4:103-5.

Chang C, Yang M, Wen H, Chern J. Estimation of total flavonoida

content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods.

J Food Drug Anal 2002;10:178-82.

Ahmad AR, Ratulangi SA, Abdul M. Determination of phenolic and

total flavonoid content of methanol and fruit extracts (Etlingera elatior

Jack). Pharm Sci Res 2015;2:1-10.

Published

20-12-2018

How to Cite

Megawati, Elya, B., & Puspitasari, N. (2018). INHIBITION OF 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE ACTIVITY BY EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA XANTHOCHYMUS MESOCARP AND TOTAL FLAVONOID ASSAY QUANTIFICATION OF THE MOST ACTIVE EXTRACT. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 10(1), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.59

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 > >>